Xov Xwm - Ua Cas Thiaj Muaj Tshuaj Antioxidant Ntuj Tsim Nyog

I. Kev Taw Qhia

Kev Taw Qhia

Cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ginkgo biloba extract hmoov yog dab tsi (2)

Ginkgo nplooj extractyog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim uas tau rho tawm los ntawm nplooj ginkgo. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog flavonoids thiab ginkgo lactones. Nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb PAF (platelet-activating factor, platelet-activating factor) receptor antagonist. Nws cov haujlwm pharmacological suav nrog: txhim kho kev ncig ntawm lub hlwb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb; ua kom cov ntshav liab superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) ua haujlwm, thiab txo cov cell membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). tsim, scavenge cov free radicals, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cardiomyocytes thiab vascular endothelial cells; xaiv cov platelet aggregation, micro thrombosis, thiab lipid metabolism teeb meem los ntawm platelet PAF; txhim kho kev ncig ntawm lub plawv thiab tiv thaiv ischemic myocardium; Ua kom cov ntshav liab deformability, txo cov ntshav viscosity, thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem microcirculatory; inhibit qhov synthesis ntawm thromboxane (TXA2) thiab txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm prostaglandin PGI2 los ntawm vascular endothelial cells.

Qhov Chaw Cog Qoob Loo

Ginkgo biloba yog nplooj ntawm Ginkgo biloba L., ib tsob nroj ntawm tsev neeg Ginkgo. Nws cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo (EGB) muaj ntau yam kev kho mob thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm nplooj Ginkgo yog qhov nyuaj heev, nrog ntau dua 140 cov tshuaj sib cais los ntawm nws. Flavonoids thiab terpene lactones yog ob qho khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm nplooj Ginkgo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj polyprenol, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, phenols, thiab cov kab kawm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav, tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb tam sim no ntawm nplooj ginkgo extract yog EGb761 tsim tawm raws li lub teb chaws Yelemees Schwabe patented txheej txheem. Nws zoo li hmoov xim av-daj thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm nplooj ginkgo. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, tsawg dua 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acids, 2.0% catechins, 20% non-flavonoid glycosides, thiab 4.0 polymer compounds. %, inorganic matter 5.0%, noo noo solvent 3.0%, lwm tus 3.0%.

Cov yam ntxwv thiab mechanism ntawm antioxidant

Ginkgo nplooj extract tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov lipid dawb radicals, lipid peroxidation dawb radicals alkane dawb radicals, thiab lwm yam, thiab xaus cov free radical chain reaction chain. Tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj thiab txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov antioxidant enzymes xws li superoxide dismutase thiab glutathione peroxidase. Cov nyhuv antioxidant ntawm flavonoids hauv EGB ntau dua li cov vitamins, thiab nws muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv dawb radical tawm tsam hauv vitro.

Cov teebmeem antioxidant ntawm ginkgo extracts rho tawm los ntawm ntau txoj kev sib txawv yog txawv, thiab cov teebmeem antioxidant ntawm cov khoom nyoos thiab cov khoom ua kom zoo kuj txawv. Ma Xihan et al. pom tias cov roj av ether-ethanol extract muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj rapeseed piv rau cov nplooj Ginkgo extracts tau los ntawm ntau txoj kev npaj. Lub peev xwm antioxidant ntawm cov nplooj Ginkgo nyoos extract yog me ntsis siab dua li ntawm cov extract ua kom zoo. Qhov no yuav yog vim cov nyoos Cov extract muaj lwm cov khoom xyaw antioxidant, xws li cov organic acids, amino acids, tannins, alkaloids, thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas muaj cov teebmeem synergistic.

Txoj Kev Npaj

(1) Txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj organic Tam sim no, txoj kev siv dav tshaj plaws hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj organic. Vim tias lwm cov kuab tshuaj organic muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis ruaj khov, ethanol feem ntau yog siv ua tus neeg sawv cev rho tawm. Kev sim los ntawm Zhang Yonghong thiab lwm tus tau qhia tias qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev rho tawm flavonoids los ntawm nplooj ginkgo yog 70% ethanol ua cov tshuaj rho tawm, qhov kub rho tawm yog 90 ° C, qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov-kua yog 1:20, tus lej ntawm kev rho tawm yog 3 zaug, thiab txhua zaus rov qab los rau 1.5 teev.

(2) Txoj kev rho tawm enzyme Wang Hui et al. cov kev sim tau qhia tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov flavonoids tau nce ntxiv tom qab cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm nplooj ginkgo tau kho ua ntej nrog cellulase thiab rho tawm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2.01%.

(3) Txoj kev rho tawm ultrasonic Tom qab kev kho ultrasonic ntawm nplooj ginkgo, lub cell membrane tau tawg, thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov nplooj ntoos tau raug ua kom nrawm dua, uas txhawb kev yaj ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Yog li ntawd, kev rho tawm ultrasonic ntawm flavonoids muaj qhov zoo heev. Cov txiaj ntsig sim tau los ntawm Liu Jingzhi et al. qhia tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm ultrasonic yog: zaus ultrasonic 40kHz, lub sijhawm kho ultrasonic 55 feeb, kub 35 ° C, thiab sawv rau 3 teev. Lub sijhawm no, tus nqi rho tawm yog 81.9%.

Daim Ntawv Thov

Cov flavonoids hauv nplooj Ginkgo muaj cov khoom antioxidant thiab tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov roj thiab cov khoom qab zib ua cov antioxidants. Tag nrho cov flavonoids feem ntau yog daj thiab muaj solubility dav, ob qho tib si soluble hauv dej thiab rog-soluble, yog li tag nrho cov flavonoids tuaj yeem siv rau xim. tus neeg sawv cev nyhuv. Ginkgo biloba raug ua tiav rau hauv cov hmoov ultrafine thiab ntxiv rau cov khoom noj. Nplooj Ginkgo raug pulverized ultra-finely thiab ntxiv rau cov ncuav mog qab zib, biscuits, noodles, khoom qab zib, thiab ice cream ntawm tus nqi ntawm 5% txog 10% los ua lawv rau hauv cov khoom noj nplooj ginkgo nrog cov teebmeem kev kho mob.
Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract yog siv ua khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv rau hauv Canada thiab tau txais kev pom zoo ua cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj daim ntawv yuav tshuaj hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis. Nplooj Ginkgo muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas Pharmacopoeia (tsab ntawv thib 24) thiab siv tau ua khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Cov teebmeem ntawm kev siv tshuaj

1. Cov nyhuv rau lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha
(1) Ginkgo nplooj extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) hauv cov ntshav tib neeg ib txwm muaj, yog li ntawd tiv thaiv kev cog lus ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua rau cov hlab ntsha nthuav dav, thiab ua rau cov ntshav ntws ntau ntxiv.
(2) Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev poob qis ntawm cov nas txiv neej uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj bupivacaine rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, tiv thaiv kev sib cog lus ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tib neeg thiab npua uas tshwm sim los ntawm hypoxia, thiab tshem tawm PAF (platelet-activating factor) ua rau arrhythmia hauv dev. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua xua rau cov nas guinea cais.
(3) Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract tuaj yeem nthuav cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov miv thiab dev uas tau siv tshuaj loog, ua rau cov ntshav ntws hauv lub hlwb ntau ntxiv, thiab txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb. Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob me me hauv lub hlwb uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj endotoxin hauv cov hlab ntsha. Hauv tus qauv canine endotoxin, Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits kev hloov pauv hemodynamic; hauv tus qauv yaj lub ntsws, Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits ntshav siab thiab mob ntsws edema uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis txaus ntawm cov ntshav ntws hauv lub ntsws uas tshwm sim los ntawm endotoxin.
(4) Cov nas tsuag tau txhaj tshuaj rau hauv plab nrog 5ml / kg ntawm ginkgo nplooj flavonoids txhua hnub. Tom qab 40 hnub, cov ntsiab lus triglyceride hauv cov ntshav tau txo qis heev. Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg / kg ib hnub) tau muab rau cov luav uas tau txais kev noj zaub mov ib txwm thiab hypercholesterolemic. Tom qab ib hlis, cov theem ntawm cov roj cholesterol hyper-esterified hauv cov ntshav thiab aorta ntawm cov luav uas tau txais kev noj zaub mov atherogenic tau txo qis heev. Txawm li cas los xij cov roj cholesterol dawb tseem tsis tau hloov pauv.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone yog ib qho tshuaj PAF receptor blocker tshwj xeeb heev. Ginkgo nplooj extract lossis ginkgo terpene lactone tuaj yeem tiv thaiv platelet-activating factor (PAF) thiab cyclooxygenase lossis lipoxygenase. Ginkgo nplooj extract tau zoo tolerated thiab antagonized platelet aggregation los ntawm PAF tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau kev sib sau ua ke los ntawm ADP.

2. Cov nyhuv rau lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab
(1) Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract cuam tshuam rau lub cev endocrine thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm ntawm PAF. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev ncig ntawm lub hlwb thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nco.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones muaj cov teebmeem antidepressant, thiab lawv cov teebmeem antidepressant muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus monoaminergic lub paj hlwb.
(3) Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias Ginkgo nplooj extract tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub cim xeeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm NaNO2, nws cov nyhuv tiv thaiv hypoxic tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntshav ntws hauv lub hlwb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lub hlwb lub zog metabolism thaum hypoxia.
(4) Ginkgo nplooj extract zoo heev txhim kho cov kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb ntawm gerbils uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi thiab rov ua dua ntawm ob qho tib si carotid cov hlab ntsha thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb hauv gerbils uas tshwm sim los ntawm ischemia thiab congestion; txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm dev tom qab ntau lub hlwb ischemia Kev rov qab los ntawm neuronal thaum ntxov thiab txo qis kev puas tsuaj ntawm neuronal tom qab ischemia hauv hippocampus ntawm lub hlwb gerbil; txo qis qhov poob ntawm ATP, AMP, creatine thiab creatine phosphate hauv lub hlwb ischemic ntawm tus dev mongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob stroke.

3. Cov nyhuv rau lub cev zom zaub mov
(1) Ginkgo nplooj extract tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov mob plab thiab mob plab hnyuv hauv nas uas tshwm sim los ntawm PAF thiab endotoxin, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qee qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub plab los ntawm ethanol.
(2) Hauv cov nas uas muaj kab mob siab cirrhosis los ntawm kev khi cov kua tsib, kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov nplooj ginkgo hauv cov hlab ntsha txo qis qhov siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub siab, cov ntsuas plawv, cov ntshav ntws ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv, thiab kev txhim kho kev kam rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev piv rau cov placebo. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov nplooj ginkgo muaj peev xwm kho tau kab mob siab cirrhosis. Nws tuaj yeem thaiv kev tsim cov pa oxygen dawb hauv nas mob pancreatitis uas tshwm sim los ntawm cholecystokinin. Ginkgo terpene lactone B yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho mob pancreatitis mob hnyav.

4. Cov teebmeem rau lub cev ua pa
(1) Cov ethanol extract ntawm Ginkgo biloba muaj cov nyhuv so kom ncaj qha rau cov leeg nqaij tracheal du thiab tuaj yeem txo cov teebmeem spasmodic ntawm histamine phosphate thiab acetylcholine ntawm lub trachea cais ntawm guinea npua, thiab tiv thaiv kev mob hawb pob histamine hauv guinea npua.
(2) Kev txhaj tshuaj Ginkgo nplooj extract rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov bronchoconstriction thiab hyperresponsiveness ntawm cov nas uas tshwm sim los ntawm PAF thiab ovalbumin, thiab tiv thaiv qhov bronchoconstriction los ntawm antigens, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov bronchial hyperresponsiveness los ntawm indomethacin.
(3) Kev nqus pa ntawm cov nplooj Ginkgo uas muaj aerosolized tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev txhaws ntawm lub ntsws xwb tab sis kuj tiv thaiv kev txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab eosinophils uas tshwm sim los ntawm PAF. Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

5. Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev laus
Cov tshuaj Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, thiab quercetin hauv nplooj ginkgo txhua yam tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim quercetin muaj zog inhibitory zog. Cov kev sim tau ua rau cov nas thiab pom tias cov flavonoids tag nrho ntawm nplooj ginkgo uas tau rho tawm hauv dej (0.95mg/ml) tuaj yeem txo cov lipid peroxidation, thiab cov flavonoids tag nrho ntawm nplooj ginkgo uas tau rho tawm hauv kua qaub (1.9mg/ml) tuaj yeem ua rau cov haujlwm ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc SOD hauv cov ntshav thiab txo cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntshav viscosity thaum txo cov haujlwm ntawm SGPT.

7. Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsis lees txais kev hloov pauv thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract tuaj yeem ua kom ntev lub sijhawm ciaj sia ntawm cov tawv nqaij grafts, heterotopic heart xenografts, thiab orthotopic liver xenografts. Cov nplooj Ginkgo extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub cev cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb tua neeg ntuj tiv thaiv KC526 cov hlwb, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb tua neeg ntuj los ntawm interferon.

8. Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav
Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyoos ntawm nplooj ntsuab ntawm Ginkgo biloba, qhov uas yaj tau hauv roj, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus kab mob Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid thiab bilo-betin muaj cov haujlwm tiv thaiv zoo; tag nrho cov flavonoids ntawm Ginkgo tuaj yeem ua rau lub thymus hnyav ntawm cov nas uas muaj qog. thiab SOD cov haujlwm theem, ua rau lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qog; quercetin thiab myricetin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov carcinogens.

Cov Lus Cim thiab Cov Kev Tsis Txaus Siab

Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm Ginkgo nplooj extract: Qee zaum yuav muaj kev tsis xis nyob hauv plab, xws li anorexia, xeev siab, cem quav, quav xoob, plab loj, thiab lwm yam; kuj tseem yuav muaj lub plawv dhia ceev, qaug zog, thiab lwm yam, tab sis cov no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob. Tom qab noj ntev, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov cim qhia txog kev ntshav rheology tsis tu ncua. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv, koj tuaj yeem noj tom qab noj mov.

Kev Sib Cuam Tshuam Tshuaj

Cov khoom no muaj cov txiaj ntsig synergistic thaum siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj txo cov ntshav viscosity, xws li sodium alginate diester, acetate, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Kev Loj Hlob Sib Txawv

Cov nplooj Ginkgo muaj me ntsis proanthocyanidins thiab urushiolic acids, uas tseem muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev. Thaum cov nplooj ginkgo ua cov khoom siv raw los ua zaub mov, yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb kom txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm proanthocyanidins thiab urushiolic acids. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj siv tam sim no, tsis muaj tshuaj lom sai lossis ntev thiab tsis muaj teebmeem teratogenic. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau pom zoo Ginkgo biloba extract ua cov khoom noj khoom haus tshiab hauv xyoo 1992. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Ginkgo biloba tag nrho flavonoids tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Ginkgo biloba muaj kev cia siab dav.